规模化养殖场鸡粪营养物质和污染元素的组成特点

Nutrient Substances and Pollutant Elements in Chicken Manure From Intensive Poultry Farms

营养物质和有害元素的状况直接影响畜禽粪的利用价值。从浙江省代表性规模化养殖场收集19个鸡粪样,分析其营养物质、污染元素含量及P、Cu、Zn的化学形态。结果表明,鸡粪中含有较为丰富的粗蛋白和矿物质,但同时也含有较高量的Cu、Zn及可溶性盐分。鸡粪中P、Cu和Zn主要以可提取态存在,有较高的生物有效性和移动性。鸡粪中微量元素和重金属含量明显高于饲料,并受饲料中相应元素含量的影响;鸡粪与饲料之间的Ca、Mg、P、K、As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Fe、Mn、Pb和Zn含量显著相关,饲料质量是影响鸡粪重金属元素含量的主要因素。

Concentrations of nutrient and toxic substances in livestock manure directly affect the value of its use. A total of 19 chicken manure samples were collected from intensive poultry farms in Zhejiang Province for characterizing contents of nutrient substances and pollutant elements, and chemical forms of P, Cu and Zn therein. Results show that the chicken manure contained high amounts of crude protein, minerals, Cu, Zn as well as dissolved salts. The elements of P, Cu and Zn in the manure were present mainly in extractable form, and hence high in bio-availability and mobility. The concentrations of trace elements and heavy metals in the chicken manure were obviously higher than those in the feedstuff that were fed, and affected by the latter. Significant correlations were found between concentration of Ca, Mg, P, K, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn in the chicken manure and those in the feedstuff. Quality of feedstuff was an important factor controlling concentrations of heavy metals in chicken manure.