心脏移植的心理伦理分析

Psychoethical analysis of heart transplantation

心脏移植面临着许多伦理学问题,包括供者来源以及受者的伦理道德、立法问题。鉴于目前心脏移植供体的严重缺乏,除合理提倡心脏捐献外,可考虑通过提高大学生对心脏移植的认知水平以及常规询问和推定同意方式,甚至包括降低心脏移植的费用等,来快速推动心脏移植的发展。心脏移植过程中有一系列心理问题,其中受者常出现焦虑、抑郁、恐惧、心理排斥、人格统整等。针对这些问题,心理学工作者通过放松训练、暗示疗法、认知疗法、音乐疗法、集体心理治疗进行有效干预。在心脏移植过程中,如果能给与心脏移植受者必要的心理支持与治疗,是患者平稳渡过移植期的关键。

Heart transplantation faces many ethical problems including donor source, recipient ethics and morality, as well as legislation. In view of serious lack of donor heads, development of heart transplantation should be rapid promoted by improving cognitive level of college students, as well as the modes of normal inquire and constructive consent, even decreasing the cost of operation, besides advocating heart contribution reasonably. There are a series of psychological problems in heart transplantation such as anxiety, depression, fear, psychological rejection, and integrity of person or self-integration in recipients. Aiming at the problems, psychological workers performed effective measures such as relaxation training, suggestion therapy, cognitive therapy, music therapy, and group psychotherapy. A necessary psychological supped and treatment for recipients with heart transplantation is the key for them to get through transplant period smoothly.