魏晋南北朝时期的川陕道教美术略论

A Brief Study on the Taoist Fine Arts in Sichuan and Shaanxi Area in the Wei,Jin,Southern and Northern Dynasties

中国道教，在公元4～5世纪左右，完成了由原始信仰向具备理论化的教义及严密组织结构的宗教的转化。并设立了用以集聚信徒、传达教义的场所，建立了专门供养道教诸神的享堂，开始塑造自身的偶像崇拜系统。早期道教造像，沿用了一部分传统神话信仰中的形象，又借用了外来的佛教形象。从魏晋到南北朝时期，逐步完成了从早期的佛道同龛、形象混杂到具有明确所指、形象序列明确、特征基本明晰的道教造像的形成过程，从而确立了自己的美术传统。

In about the 4th to 5th century A. D. , the Daoism transformed from a primitive belief to a religion with full-developed theory, strict organization and special site. Shrines dedicated to the Taoist deities were constructed, and the Taoist icon system was established. The Taoist figures of early stage partly come from images of traditional mythology and belief, and some are from the Buddhist images. In the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the development from the mixture images of the Daoism and Buddhism to the mature system of the Taoist deities with definite characters can he witnessed, and then the tradition of the fine arts of Daoism was established.