嗜血支原体(附红细胞体)病原学研究进展

Etiological Researching Progress of Haemotrophic Mycoplasma

嗜血支原体病作为一种新发人兽共患病正日益得到兽医学界与相关部门的关注。该病原主要寄生于人和动物的红细胞表面、血浆及骨髓中,以贫血、黄疸、发热等为主要临床症状。并有隐性感染、慢性迁延、条件致病、急性发病时致死率高的特征;最初猪嗜血支原体命名为附红细胞体,并将其归为立克次氏体目。而后在其16SrRNA基因序列鉴定后将其重新分类为支原体类微生物。但是该分类还存在异议。研究报道证实人类也可感染嗜血支原体微生物,病人以低热、乏力、嗜睡、反复上呼吸道感染、腹泻腹痛、肝脾肿大,红细胞、血红蛋白血小板减少、胆红素增高为特征。然而,该病在临床医师中尚未引起足够重视。

Haemotrophic Mycoplasma, formerly called Eperythrozoon and Haemobartonella, has an increasing interest as new emerging zoonoses in humans. This pathogen colonizes on the surface on red cells of a wide range of vertebrate hosts. Clinical symptoms are described as anemia, icterus and fever. Generally, the infected animals become latent carriers without showing clinical symptoms. However, malnutrition or other adversities can induce high bacteremia and the occurrence of clinical manifestations with high mortality. Formerly, this pathogen was classified as Rickettsiales. But the sequence homology of 16S rRNA gene with Mycoplasma agents suggests it should be reclassified in Mycoplasma genus and accondingly named Haemotrophic Mycoplasma. However, this transfer has not yet been well accepted. Some studies confirmed hemoplasma infection in humans showing fever, malaise, drowsiness, repeated URI, diarrhea, splenohepatomegalia, decrease of red cell, heamoglobin and platelet, increasing of bilirubin.