前作秸秆还田烤烟经济性状分析

Analysis of Economic Traits of Flue-cured Tobacco under Return of Straws from Preceding Crop

比较了前作小麦、水稻、菜豌豆的秸秆分直接和堆沤两种形式还田对烤烟经济性状的影响。统计分析结果表明:前作秸秆还田各处理间,烤烟的主要经济性状差异显著或极显著。前作秸秆还田,无论堆沤还是直接还田,提高烤烟经济性状的效果表现为混合秸秆>小麦秸秆>稻草>菜豌豆秸。其中混合秸秆堆沤还田可以显著提高烤烟的产量和产值;在高肥力的田烟上,麦秸直接还田可以显著提高烤烟上等烟叶比例;对于低肥力的地烟,前作秸秆只宜堆沤还田。前作秸秆还田对烤烟经济性状的影响,与施用秸秆扣减氮素化肥施用量有一定关系,烤烟前作秸秆还田与适量化肥配合施用,有利于烤烟的优质高产。

A set of experiments in the return and compost of straws from the preceding crop （ wheat, rice and pea） of flue - cured tobacco were carried out, and principal component analysis and variance analysis for economic traits of flue- cured tobacco were performed. The result showed that the economic traits of flue - cured tobacco between return treatment and compost treatment of straws from preceding crops were significantly different. The effect of return or compost of straws in improving the economic traits of flue - cured tobacco was as follows： mixed straws 〉 wheat straw 〉 rice straw 〉 pea straw. The compost of mixed straws had better effects in raising yield and production value of tobacco; the return of wheat straw could significantly increase the rate of the first class leaf of flue -cured tobacco in terrace or paddy field with higher fertility; straws from preceding crop should be only composted for tobacco in upland field with lower fertility. The influence of return of straws from preceding crop on economic traits of flue - cured tobacco was correlated with the subtraction of mineral N fertilizer application due to the return of straws. In order to obtain high quality and appro- priate yield of flue - cured tobacco, the return of straws from the preceding crop should be cooperated with moderate application of mineral fertilizer.