甘肃草原资源与生态监测预警体系建设思考

Thinking on practice of grassland monitoring and evaluation and construction of early-warning system in Gansu

甘肃是草原资源大省,也是开展草原资源与生态监测工作起步较早的省,在监测工作中积累了丰富的经验,取得了较好的成绩。回顾了甘肃省草原资源调查的历史与现状,论述了甘肃省草原资源与生态监测预警体系建设的内容,主要包括草原不同类型及其分布面积测定,草原植物量监测及草畜平衡测定,草原生态环境监测,草原自然灾害监测,草原生态工程监测及效益评价,气象因素监测。从网络体系建设,信息系统建设和专题技术规程3个方面阐述了甘肃省草原资源与生态监测预警体系建设的总体构思,指出该体系建设的关键技术包括地面调查方法,遥感影响采集和处理以及地理信息系统分析方法。建议要提高对草原资源与生态监测工作的认识,建立和完善草原资源与生态监测机构,设立草原资源与生态监测专项经费,整合草原资源与生态监测技术和社会资源,从而保证甘肃省草原资源与生态监测预警体系的顺利建设。

This paper has reviewed the history of grassland monitoring and evaluation （M＆E）, simply explieated the situation, some key techniques and method of grassland M＆E, which including area survey according to various grassland type, feed balance according to vegetation biomass, grassland ecosystem monitoring, grassland disaster monitoring, climate monitoring on grassland, monitoring and evaluation of projects related to grassland ecosystem as well. General conception of construction of the early-warning system for grassland M＆E have been provided based on network system construction, information system construction, and special techni- cal regulation. Some key techniques in this system have involved in investigation method on the ground, method of remote sensing image collection and processing, and analyze method of GIS. It has been recommended that re-recognizing the work of grassland M＆E, building and perfecting the grassland M＆E institution, listing special budget for grassland M＆E, integrating technical and social resource for grassland M＆E should be construct in the early-warning system grassland M＆E.