挑旗-开花期遮光对强筋小麦干物质积累的影响

Effect of Shading from Flag Leaf Stage to Anthesis on Dry Matter Accumulation in Strong-gluten Wheat

采用人工遮光的方式,研究了挑旗-开花期弱光对强筋小麦植株生长发育的影响。结果表明,花前遮光抑制了强筋小麦地上部各部位的干物质积累,提高了退化小花和不孕小穗数的比例,与对照相比,表现为小麦株高变矮、干重降低和穗粒数减少。遮光撤除后,强筋小麦植株各部位干重出现补偿性增长。花前遮光后,强筋小麦穗数和穗粒数降低,千粒重提高,产量显著下降。花前遮光对强筋小麦干物质积累的影响存在明显的基因型差异。

In order to study the effects of low light on the growth and development of wheat, two strong-gluten wheat cultivars, GC8901 and JN17 were first selected. After that, a self-made tent was used to shade wheat plants from flag leaf stage to anthesis under field conditions, and unshaded plants were used as control group. The results indicated that pre-anthesis shading inhibited the dry matter accumulation of each component part in wheat, increased the ratios of degraded floret and sterile spikelet. This dwarfed plant height, depressed dry matter weight and decreased the number of kernels per ear compared to the control group. The accumulated dry matter of each component in strong-glu- ten wheat cultivars had a compensatory growth after the shading was removed. This indicated that pre-anthesis shading could decrease the spike number per m2 and kernel number per ear of strong-glu- ten wheat, but 1 000-grain weight increased, and yield declined significantly. At the same time, the results also showed that the effect of pre-antheis shading on the dry matter accumulation varied with wheat cultivars.