清代官批民调制度政治分析——以“黄岩诉讼档案”为考察中心

The Political Analysis of Qing Dynasty yamen Approval and the Civil Mediation System——Taking "Hwangyen Lawsuit" as an Example

通过对《黄岩诉讼档案》的考察,可以看出清代"官批民调"制度是在官府衙门主持下解决民间纠纷的一种重要形式,具有案件性质的民事导向、约束效力的半强制性、宗族力量的强渗透性、纠纷双方心理接受程度的不完全性等特征。清代州县官的施政心理和复杂的施政环境促使官府衙门对"官批民调"解决民间纠纷有强烈偏好。中国古代熟人社会结构也为"官批民调"制度的施行创造了条件。"官批民调"制度是创造性解决民间纠纷的有效途径,但也有其局限性。

The yamen approval and the civil mediation system of the Qing Dynasty is one important form to solve civil disputes under semi-mandatory binding, between both sides of the the government authority yamen management, with the case nature in civil-oriented, strong permeability dispute. The Qing clan forces, and the incompleteness of psychology receptivity Dynasty state county magistrate＇s administration psychology and the complex administration environment render the government authorities yamen have strong preferences to this system in solving the civil dispute. The acquaintance social structure in ancient China also approved the execution of opinion poll system. The yamen approval and the civil mediation system is the efficient path to creatively solve civil disputes, but it also has its limitation.