新入院老年患者跌倒危险因素分析及预防

An Analysis of the Risk Factors of Falls among Newly-admitted Elderly Patients and the Related Precautions

目的探讨新入院老年患者跌倒危险因素,对其进行综合分析并制定有效的预防措施,以防止新入院老年患者意外跌倒的发生。方法查阅相关文献后自行设计调查问卷,对124例新入院老年患者一般资料及健康状况进行调查,分析与跌倒相关的危险因素。结果新入院老年患者基础疾病多、病情复杂,87.9%的老年患者患有3种以上疾病,其中以心脑血管疾病为主占85.5%,而且都同时服用多种能引起晕倒和跌倒不良反应的药物如硝酸酯类、利尿剂、降血糖药等,患者对行动的稳定性重视不够,这些危险因素均易导致跌倒发生。结论重视对新入院老年患者病情、安全评估;重视入院介绍,加强环境安全管理;加强宣教,指导患者合理使用辅助工具:对预防新入院老年患者跌倒的发生有重要意义。

Objective To explore the risk factors of falls among newly-admitted elderly patients, and formulate competent precautions. Methods By means of the questionnaire self-designed on the basis of the related literature, a survey was made with 124 newly-admitted senior patients as their general information and health status. Then an analysis was made of the risk factors of falls among them. Results The subjects were found to suffer various complex basic diseases, 87.9% of whom had three or more, and those who suffered cardio-cerebrovascular diseases as the major one accounted for 85.5%. The risk factors of their falls lay in their taking medicines which can result in dizziness and fall such as nitrate esters, diuretics and hypoglycemic agents, and the lack of attention they paid to steadiness of moving. Conclusion Emphasis should be laid on the assessment of senior patients＇ disease conditions and safety and the environment security management. Publicity and education should also be beefed up for guiding the patients in using the auxiliaries properly. All these are of vital importance for reducing and preventing falls among senior patients.