肺癌患者对健康教育的认知与需求分析

An Analysis of Lung Cancer Patients' Understanding of and Demand for Health Education

目的探讨肺癌患者对健康教育的认知状况及需求。方法采用自制问卷对170例肺癌患者进行调查,内容包括对健康教育的态度、认知及方式的需求,并按学历、住院次数层次进行分析,采用统计描述法。结果(1)态度:35.3%认为健康教育没必要,57.1%对健康教育不了解,对健康教育不了解者以高中及以下学历者居多,占90.7%;75%以上的大专及以上学历患者对健康教育持正确态度。(2)认知:本组患者在营养饮食、运动知识、综合治疗根治性3方面掌握率均低于56%;住院>5次患者在综合治疗的基本概念、手术急慢性并发症、用药知识、检验指标、对生存质量的影响5方面的掌握率最高(P<0.05)。(3)需求:初中及以下学历者对观看录像方式的需求率最高(88.6%),对黑板报及宣传栏的需求率最低(42.9%);大专及以上学历者对推荐有关手册的方式需求率最高(70.0%)。医护讲解、听病友介绍经验等方式需求率在学历间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论多数低学历肺癌患者对健康教育持不正确态度,肺癌患者在营养饮食、运动知识、综合治疗根治性3方面掌握率均较低,医护讲解、听病友介绍经验是肺癌患者普遍喜欢的健康教育方式。

Objective To explore the understanding of and demand for health education of lung cancer patients. Methods By means of self-designed questionnaire, a survey was made with 170 eases with lung cancer on their attitude and understanding of health education, and the way they desired. Then, by statistical description, an analysis was made according to their educational background, times of hospitalization. Results （1） Attitude： 35.3% considered health education unnecessary, 57.1% did not know about it, of the latter most being with senior high school education or lower, accounting for 90.7%. Above 75% of those with senior college education or higher held a correct attitude towards health education. （2） Understanding： The rate of understanding of nutrition and dieting, exercising know-how, and radical curing power of comprehensive treatment was each less than 56%. The rates of understanding among the patients with 5 or more hospital stays of the basic concepts of comprehensive treatment, acute and chronic complications with the surgery, common sense on medicine taking, test index, and the influence on life quality were the highest （P〈 0.05）. （3） Demand： Among the patients with junior high school education or lower, the rate of those who demanded video watching as the way of health education was the highest （88.6%）, and the rate of those who preferred board and bulletin was the lowest （42.9%）. Of those with junior college education or higher, the ones desiring leaflet as the way of publicity numbered the greatest, accounting for 70.0%. Conclusion Most lung cancer patients with low educational background hold a wrong attitude towards health education. The rates of understanding by patients with this disease of nutrition and dieting, exercising know-how, and radical curing power of comprehensive treatment are on the low end. Explaining and instructing by medical personnel, and listening to fellow patients giving their own experience are ways of health education universally preferred by patients with lung cancer.