现代汉语单音节反义词音义象似性考察

A Study on Iconicity between Sounds and Meanings of Monosyllabic Acronyms in Modern Chinese

现代汉语单音节反义词的音义之间存在一定的对应关系。统计结果表明,表"正面"的反义词的元音、辅音和声调的音响度常高于表"反面"的。表"正面"的反义词的声调多为平声,表"反面"的反义词多为仄声的现象还可以用标记组配来解释。正面词通常为无标记项,反面词为有标记项。从标记的角度看来,阴平、阳平是无标记的,比较省力,上声、去声是有标记的,比较费力。表正面、反面的反义词可以与平声、仄声两个范畴之间建立一个关联模式:表"正面"的反义词与平声是无标记组配,表"反面"的反义词与仄声是无标记组配。

A certain connection has been detected between the sounds and meanings of monosyllabic acronyms in modern Chinese. Statistics show that the sonorities of the vowels, consonants and tones of the positive words are higher than those of the negatives ones. Markedness theory can be applied to explain the fact that most positive words are of level tone while most negative ones are of oblique tone. The positive words are often marked and negative ones unmarked. In the light of markedness theory, the first and the second tones are unmarked while the third and the fourth are marked. Thus a relevant modal can be established between positive, negative acronyms and level tone and oblique tone： the positive words and level tone is an unmarked pairing while the negative words and oblique tone a marked pairing.