新时期农村合作医疗改革述论

Reform of Cooperative Medical Care System in Rural Areas in the New Period:A Review

新时期农村合作医疗经历了曲折的发展历程。随着家庭承包经营的推行,农村合作医疗迅速瓦解,覆盖率由20世纪70年代末的90%下降到1985年的5%。90年代初开始,党和政府努力恢复合作医疗,但重建工作一再受挫。农民自费医疗的境况带来了严重的社会问题。2003年初,新型农村合作医疗制度出台,这是又一项富有中国特色的社会主义制度创新。几年来的试点和推广实践证明,新型农村合作医疗制度符合我国的实际,对保障农民身体健康、维护社会和谐和促进经济发展具有重要意义。同时,建立完善的农村医疗保障制度需要各方力量的整合,任重而道远。

Cooperative medical care system in rural areas experienced twists and turns in its development in the new period.With the spread of household-based contracted operation the cooperative medical care system in rural areas collapsed rapidly:its coverage rate shrank from 90%in the late 1970s to 5%in 1985.Beginning from the early 1990s the Party and government made great efforts to restore the cooperative medical care system,but the setbacks came one after another.Paying for their own medical care by the peasants caused serious social problems.A new cooperative medical care system in rural areas came out in the beginning of 2003,the trial application and popularization in the past several years have proved that the new system conforms with the actual situation in China and is of great significance to guaranteeing the peasants' health,maintaining social harmony and promoting economic development.And building a perfect medical security system in rural areas is an arduous undertaking that requires joint efforts from all sides and long years to accomplish.