20世纪50年代山西老区农村合作制度的变迁

An Analysis of Changes in Agricultural Cooperative System of the Old Liberated Areas in Shanxi in 1950s

新中国成立初期,选择何种制度安排来推动和保障农村、农业经济的发展成为当时农村工作的重大理论和实践问题,山西老区的农村合作制度变迁是这一历史变迁进程中极具特色的组成部分。山西老区的农业合作化运动是在互助组的基础上发展起来的,初级社适应了当时的农民心理和生产力条件,但在向高级社过渡的时候,由于存在把合作社和集体化等同起来的思想,在方式方法上违背了自愿、民主等原则,出现了严重的"四过"问题,结果虽然高级社顺利建成,但并没有对生产力的发展产生制度性促进。

Soon after the founding of New China,what institutional arrangement was chosen to promote and ensure the development of countryside and agricultural economy became the most important theoretical and practical question in the rural work.Evolution of agricultural cooperative system in the old liberated areas of Shanxi Province constituted one component part of this historical change with its striking features.The agricultural cooperative movement in these areas developed on the basis of mutual aid groups and the elementary cooperatives were compatible with the peasants' mentality and the conditions of productive forces at that time.However,in the course of transition from elementary to advanced cooperatives,the ideas to equate cooperatives with collectivization and the violation of voluntary and democratic principles gave rise to the serious problem of'four excesses'.As a result,the advanced cooperatives did not bring about an institutional promotion of the productive forces although they were set up smoothly.