灾难后谣言传播心理的定性分析——以“5·12汶川地震”谣言为例

A Qualitative Psychological Analysis of the Rumors Appeared after A Disaster: The Evidence from the Rumors Appeared after "5·12 Wenchuan Earthquake"

本研究对5·12汶川地震发生后两个月内出现的网络谣言,使用内容分析和扎根理论的方法进行了定性研究。结果发现此类谣言除包含地震相关内容外,还出现了捐款谣言等与地震间接相关的内容。谣言中多数暗含对社会优势群体的谴责,通过表达震惊和愤怒情绪,使传播者获得控制感,并获得自我定位的相对安全感。谣言通过模糊发言人角色,提高文本本身的详尽性和科学性,利用情绪、道德批判等社会心理因素使其更容易被受众接受。

The rumors appeared in intemet after ＂5.12 Wenchuan earthquake＂ were analyzed using the method of qualitative research in the next two months, particularly content analysis and grounded theory. In the context of intemet, the results revealed not only the similarity content such as the forecast and reasons of earthquake but also the differences between the rumors appeared after ＂5-12 Wenchuan earthquake＂ and the rumors appeared before, such as that about donation. Most of the rumors condemned the people who had social predominance with the emotion of astoundment and angry. This procedure makes individual get the feelings of control and regulates negative emotion. Rumors upgraded their acceptance by people in the way of blurring the role of addresser, adding many details and scientific logic into the content, and making use of some social psychological factors such as emotion and moral.