江苏省沿海滩涂资源开发模式及其适宜性评价

Development Patterns and Suitability Assessment of Tidal Flat Resources in Jiangsu Province

江苏广阔的沿海滩涂由海陆交互作用而成,总体仍在增长,南部开发条件优于北部。依据滩涂自然属性,考虑社会、经济、资源组合、技术等因素,本着可持续发展的原则,因地制宜对滩涂开发模式进行研究,同时对各模式在开发中的优劣势及易出现问题进行了识别,对区域适宜滩涂开发模式进行了探讨。滩涂农业综合开发是江苏滩涂的传统开发模式,经验丰富,但适垦滩涂所余不多,目前宜对已有农业区进行广度和深度开发;滩涂渔业综合开发已成为目前江苏海洋经济的支撑,是今后重点发展模式;滩涂自然保护区-旅游开发和滩涂港口-工业区开发是江苏海洋经济的突破口,正在大力发展中;江苏北部沿海滩涂有着优越的条件发展盐业-海洋化工,侧重发展海洋化工,使这一传统开发焕发新的生机。农业、渔业和盐业开发成带,分据江苏沿海滩涂的中、南、北部,保护区-旅游和港口-开发区开发则呈斑状,依据资源状况,穿插于开发带中。黄海辐射沙脊群是重要的滩涂资源,滩涂养殖、港口和旅游开发前景广阔。

Tidal flat is a complex and frangible system with influences on both nature and social economy. It plays a crucial role to living and nonliving resources along China coast. However, continuous growth in population and economy and rapid urbanization have resulted in conflicts among multiple uses of tidal flat, such as tidal reclamation and coastal aquaculture. The inappropriate development patterns lead to environmental degradation and loss on ecosystem functions. To balance anthropogenic activities and environmental protection, suitable development patterns are urgently required in tidal flat study on a sustainable basis. The wide tidal flat in Jiangsu province is formed via river-sea interaction. Tidal flat resources in this area are abundant and the total area is increasing. The exploitation condition of tidal flat resources in south Jiangsu is superior to that in the northern part. According to the natural quality of tidal flat, we have considered society, economy, resource allocation, technology, and other factors to study the development patterns, following the rule of accommodating measures to local conditions. Meanwhile, social-economic and environmental issues emerged in the process of development were indentified and suitable development patterns for this region were obtained. We have rich experiences in traditional conprehensive development of tidal flat agriculture. However, suitable tidal flat for farming is limited now and we should put more strength in developing the range and depth of suitable pattern for these areas. The development of tidal flat fishery has become the support of marine economy and should be the prior development pattern in the future. Tourism development of natural reserve in tidal flat areas and industrial area development of tidal flat port are the breakthrough points for marine economy and thus we are devoting major efforts to it. The tidal flat of north Jiangsu is superior in development condition for salt-marine chemical industry. Therefore, we should focus on improving marine chemical industry to bring new vitality. The tidal flat for developing agriculture, fishery and salt industry are zonally located in the middle, southern and northern part of Jiangsu Province, while tidal flat natural reserves for tourism and the harbor-industrial areas are scattered in the three developing zones due to various resource conditions. The radial sandy ridges of the Yellow Sea along Jiangsu coast are important tidal flat resources and also suitable for developing fishery, harbors and tourism. Developing tidal flat and ＂maritime of eastern Jiangsu＂ is not only the strategic target of Jiangsu province in the 21 century, but also an important part of marine economy and new a direction of economic development. This study can provide scientific basis for economic development in Jiangsu and has realistic meanings.