桔皮提取物抑制霉菌试验

IN VITRO ACTIVITY OF ORANGE SKIN EXTRACTS AGAINST MOULDS

试验选用乙醚、丙酮、乙醇３种溶剂提取桔皮中有效成分，分别制成６０％的乳剂，用灭菌蒸馏水稀释成不同浓度梯度，加入培养基中进行抑制霉菌试验。结果表明：３种提取物对５种霉菌均有不同程度的抑制作用。在培养基中添加乙醚、丙酮提取物４８ｈ观察，１％～２％可完全抑制草酸青霉、烟曲霉、镰形镰刀菌和杂色曲霉，４％～５％可完全抑制黄曲霉生长；经９６ｈ观察，乙醚提取物１０％～１２％对黄曲霉抑制可疑，２％～６％可抑制另外４种霉菌，丙酮提取物６％～１０％可抑制烟曲霉、镰形镰刀菌和杂色曲霉生长，１２％对草酸青霉抑制可疑。添加乙醇提取物于培养基中４８ｈ观察，１％可完全抑制烟曲霉、镰形镰刀菌和杂色曲霉生长，８％抑制草酸青霉生长，１２％对黄曲霉抑制可疑；９６ｈ观察对５种霉菌抑制效果均不明显。试验同时测定出乙醚、丙酮、乙醇提取物的最低抑菌浓度分别为５．３８～３３．６０ｍｇ／ｍＬ、９．６０～４８．００ｍｇ／ｍＬ、１２．４０～１２８．００ｍｇ／ｍＬ（黄曲霉例外）。３种提取物比较而言，乙醚提取物比另外两种提取物抑菌效果好，且对５种霉菌均有抑杀作用。

The effective components,extracted from orange skin with ether,acetone and ethanol respectively and made to 60% emulsions and diluted to different con-centrations in distilled water,were added to culture media to test their activities against moulds.The results showed that the three extracts all had inhibitory effects on the five kinds of moulds to some extents.When added to culture media and obseroed 48h ,1%￣2%ether extract and acetone extract completely inhibited P,axalium 、 A.fumingatus F.fusarioicles and A.versicolor and 4%￣5%the extracts completely inhibited A.flavus.If observed 96h,10%￣12%ether extract had a suspicious inhibitory effect on A,flavus,2%￣6% ether extract could inhibit the other four kinds of moulds,6%￣10% aceton extract inhibited A,fumigatus 、 F.fusarioicles and A.versicolor,12% acetone etract had a suspicious inhibitory effect on P.oxalium.When ethanol extract was added to culture media and observed 48h,1% concentation completely inhibited A,fumigatus F.fusarioicles and A.versicolor,8% concentration inhibitedP.oxalium and 12% concetration had a suspicious inhibitory effect on A.flavus.While observed 96h,the ethanol extract had no obvious inhibitory effects on all the five kinds of moulds.The test found that the minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)of the three extracts were 5.38￣33.60,9.60￣48.00 and 12.40￣128.00mg/ml (except A.flavus).