建筑物火灾时人员疏散的网络网格复合模型

Combined Network Model for Occupant Evacuation in Building Fires

建筑防火安全设计中,人员疏散问题至关重要。根据划分建筑空间的不同,利用计算机模拟技术开发的人员疏散模型主要采用网络模拟和网格模拟两种方法,分别介绍了基于这两种方法建立的网络模型和网格模型,并且综合这两种方法开发了建筑物人员疏散的网络网格复合模型,以便对大型复杂建筑进行有效的疏散模拟。用该复合模型模拟了一高层建筑和一大型复杂建筑的人员疏散情况,并将其模拟结果与采用单一网格模型和单一网络模型的模拟结果进行了对比,显示了网络网格复合模型不仅能进行大型复杂建筑的人员疏散模拟,而且可以形象化地显示详细的疏散过程。

Safe evacuation is the most fundamental requirement of fire safety measures in buildings. Many computer based evacuation models have been developed to quantify and model human movement in the buildings. Two methods are usually used to represent the building enclosure in these models： fine and coarse networks. This paper presents a fine network model and a coarse network model based on these methods respectively, and develops an integrated network model that integrates both network methods for efficient and detailed assessment of evacuation in large and complex buildings. To demonstrate the advantages of using the integrated network model, the results of its simulation for a high-rise office building and a large shopping mall are discussed and compared to the simulation results of the fine network model and the coarse network model. It shows that the integrated model can be used to simulate evacuation in large and complex building and is adequate in representing details of the evacuation process.