轮作植物对大豆胞囊线虫抑制作用的研究

Rotation Crop Evaluation for Management of the Soybean Cyst Nematode

轮作是防治大豆胞囊线虫病的有效措施,旨在探讨常用和潜在的轮作植物对大豆胞囊线虫病的抑制作用,为黑龙江省大豆生产轮作体系改进提供技术支持。2006年,选择5种轮作植物(大麦、红三叶草、万寿菊、亚麻、玉米)与感病品种一起种在大豆胞囊线虫病圃;2007年种植玉米、小麦和感病大豆,检测两年播种前和收获后土壤中大豆胞囊线虫胞囊、卵和二龄幼虫数量;2008年所有小区种植感病大豆,测定大豆产量。结果表明:连续种植大豆的处理卵数量增加了13%,而种植万寿菊、红三叶草和大麦茬后复种红三叶草三个处理的土壤中卵的数量明显减少,减少率分别为80%、58%和68%,其他轮作处理土壤中大豆胞囊线虫群体密度也有不同程度降低,而且,轮作区大豆产量也有提高。结果显示:合理种植万寿菊、红三叶草以及大麦后复种红三叶草可以减少土壤中胞囊线虫的密度,对大豆胞囊线虫的抑制作用好于常规轮作作物玉米。而综合考虑不同作物对土壤养分的影响,以及在黑龙江省的播种面积,则可以确定能够使土壤中胞囊线虫密度减少,同时又能够提高土壤养分的合理的轮作方式为万寿菊—玉米—大豆。

Crop rotation is an effective tactic for soybean cyst nematode （SCN） management. In Heilongjiang province of China, corn is almost exclusively used as a nonhost rotation crop with soybean. This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of crops common to or having potential use in Heilongjiang province as rotation crops for managing SCN. Five potential rotation crops of marigold （ Tagetes erecta ）, red clover （ Trifolium pratense ）, barly （ Fructus Hordei Vulgaris ）, maize （Zea mays L） and flax（Lnum Usitatissimum L）and susceptible soybean were grown in the infected field at Harbin in 2006 ; corn, wheat and susceptible soybean was grown on different plots in 2007 ; and susceptible soybean were grown in all plots in 2008. Nematode populations were measured both years before planting and after harvest ; soybean yield was measured in 2008. There was large variability in SCN population and soybean yield at the site. Nevertheless, significant treatment effects were detected at all treatments. While all of the rotation crops lowered SCN populations compared with SCN- susceptible soybean. Leguminous nonhosts or poor hosts such as Marigold and Red clover were best in reducing SCN population density. Corn, the most common rotation crop was among the least effective in reducing nematode populations. There was yield benefit from SCN management. The data suggest that three year of rotation of soybean with some crops such as marigold hefore planting a susceptible soybean may be, sufficient in managing SCN.