骡鸡性别的分子学鉴定

Molecular identification for sex of mule chicken*

骡鸡是乌骨鸡(♂)与珍珠鸡(♀)通过人工受精产生的远缘杂交体,成年骡鸡的性腺发育不完全,不能从外形上区分雌雄性别。笔者根据已知禽类CHD基因序列设计了3条引物,采用特异性PCR扩增CHD基因片段。结果表明,3条引物对已知性别的成年珍珠鸡和乌骨鸡检测结果一致;同时,对2种鸡的鸡胚性别也进行了相应的检测,其结果与剖检结果相符,表明本研究建立的特异性PCR方法可以用于成年鸡和鸡胚的性别鉴定。在此基础上,用此方法鉴定骡鸡及其鸡胚性别,其结果表明骡鸡雌雄性别比例均衡,这与雄性骡鸡占较大比例的报道不一致。这一方法还适合鸡胚或1日龄鸡的性别鉴定。

Mule chicken is a hybrid of black - bone cock （ ♂ ） and pearl fowl （♀ ） by artificial insemination. The adult female mule chicken can not be easily distinguished from the male due to its insufficient development of sexual gland. Based on known CHD gene sequence, three primers were designed to amplify CHD gene by PCR. Similar to their adult chick, the sex type of embryos from pearl fowl and black - bone chick could be detected correctly by the designed primers, which was further confirmed by dissection. Additionally, it also demonstrated that＇, unlike to the previous reports, the proportions of female and male in mule chicken was close to each other. Therefore, the specific PCR method is reliable for sex detection of embryos and one - day chicken.