不同植被恢复类型对土壤性质和水源涵养功能的影响

Effect of Different Vegetation Restoration Types on Soil Properties and Water Conservation Function

对相同立地条件下3种不同植被恢复类型(厚荚相思林、尾巨桉林和灌草丛)的土壤性质和水源涵养功能进行了研究。结果表明,不同植被恢复类型的土壤理化性质和水源涵养功能存在较明显差异,厚荚相思林、尾巨桉林和灌草丛在0-20 cm土层,土壤容重分别为1.126,1.205,1.247 g/cm3,非毛管孔隙度分别为9.27%,9.04%,8.58%,毛管孔隙度分别为41.57%,39.82%,40.81%;土壤有机质、全N、全P、水解N和速效P含量均为厚荚相思林>灌草丛>尾巨桉林;3种植被恢复类型凋落物最大持水量分别为20.14,13.07,4.02 t/hm2,土壤蓄水能力大小依次为1946.2,1920.0,1911.8 t/hm2,各植被恢复类型最大蓄水量为厚荚相思林(1966.3t/hm2)>尾巨桉林(1933.1 t/hm2)>灌草丛(1915.8 t/hm2)。因此,厚荚相思林具有比尾巨桉林和灌草丛更好的维持地力作用和更高的水源涵养功能。

The soil properties and water conservation function of 3 types of vegetation restoration（Eucalyptus urophylla × E. grandis plantation,Acacia grasscarpa plantation and shrub-grasslands） under the similar site condition were studied. The results showed that there existed significant differences in soil properties and water conservation function among 3 types of vegetation restoration. The soil density, total porosity,capillary porosity and non-capillary porosity were 1. 126 g/cm^3,41. 57% and 9.27% in A. grasscarpa plantation, 1. 205 g/cm^3 ,39. 82% and 9.04% in E. urophylla × E. grandis plantation and 1. 247 g/cm^3 ,40. 81% and 8.58% in shrub-grasslands. The content of soil organic matter, total N, total P and hydrolyzable N was A. grasscarpa plantation〉shrub-grasslands〉E, urophylla × E. grandis plantation. Total water holding capacity of litter in 3 types of vegetation restoration was 20.14 t/hm^2 ,13.07 t/hm^2 and 4.02 t/hm^2 ,respectively. The total water storage capacity of soil（0-40 cm） was 1 946.2 t/hm^2, 1 920.0 t/hm^2 and 1 893.8 t/hm^2 , respectively. The order of the total capacities of conservation water was：A, grasscarpa plantation （1 966.3 t/hm^2）〉E, urophylla × E. grandis plantation （1 933. 1 t/hm^2）〉shrub-grasslands （1 897.8 t/hm^2）. Therefore,the A. grasscarpa plantation had higher water conservation capacity and better maintenance of soil fertility than E. urophylla × E. grandis plantation and shrub-grasslands.