不同类型工矿废弃地基质肥力与重金属污染特征及其评价

Characteristics and Evaluation of Matrix Fertility and Heavy Metal Pollution of Different Types of Industrial and Mining Wasteland

对黑龙江省东部鸡西、鹤岗矿区处于自然状态的5种不同类型工矿废弃地基质的理化性质、重金属元素含量进行测定,分析、评价基质综合肥力和重金属污染特征,探讨植被恢复过程必要的人工辅助措施。结果表明:各废弃地基质质地以沙土类为主;有机质、全N、全P、速效N、速效P等养分严重缺乏,速效K含量较丰富,与对照地差异极显著(p<0.01)。5种类型工矿废弃地肥力高低排序为:平排矸石场>石墨尾矿坝>水泥采矿场>粉煤灰堆场>立排矸石山。有机质、全氮含量和自然含水率是影响工矿废弃地肥力状况的主要因素。水泥采矿场、石墨尾矿坝、粉煤灰堆场是黑龙江东部工矿废弃地主要的污染类型。Hg是造成黑龙江东部工矿废弃地污染的主要重金属元素。

The research measures the physiochemical properties and heavy metal elements in the five types of natural state industrial waste matrix in Jixi and Hegang mine in the eastern part of Heilongjiang Province, analyzing and evaluating the characteristics of integrated substratum fertility and heavy metal pollution, searching for the necessary artificial aiding measures in the process of vegetation restoration. The outcome shows that the main texture of waste matrix is sandy soil; the waste matrix is seriously lack of organic elements, total N, total P, available N and available P while rich in available K, again a significant difference compared with the control land （p〈0.01）. Fertility ranking of industrial and mining wasteland is, from high to low, gangue stacking yard 〉 graphite tailings dam 〉 cement mine open-pit 〉 coal ash stacking yard 〉 gangue discharged dump. Organic matter, total N and natural moisture content are the main factors concerning the impact of fertility status in industrial and mining wasteland; cement mine open-pit, graphite tailings dam and coal ash stacking yard are the main types of polluted industrial and mining wasteland in the eastern part of Heilongjiang Province. Hg being the major heavy metal element leading to industrial and mining wasteland pollution in the eastern part of Heilongjiang Province.