马克思人的本质理论视域中的人的解放

Marx' View of Person's Essence and Theory of Mankind Emancipation

马克思关于人的劳动与社会关系的本质的观点为其阐释人的全面发展的思想建立了逻辑前提。一方面,与西方近代哲学家们把理性作为人的本质并从理性出发去说明人的自我发展不同的是,马克思把人的本质理解为劳动与社会关系并从人的劳动与社会关系的本质出发去说明人的自我发展;另一方面,与旧唯物主义把人理解为环境和教育的产物观点不同的是,马克思立足于革命的实践去理解社会环境的改变与人的自我改变的一致性,从社会生产力与生产关系变革的视角来把握人的历史发展。在此基础上,马克思通过对资本主义社会生产力与生产关系矛盾的分析,强调只有消灭雇佣劳动,才能彻底实现人类的解放。

Marx＇ viewpoint of essence of person＇s labour and social relations provide the logical premise for his theory of comprehensive development of individual. At the same time, different with the Western modern philosophers who regard the rationality as person＇s essence and explain person＇s self--development from it, Marx regards labour and social relations as person＇s essence and explains person＇s self-development from it; On the other hand, different with the old materialism who regards person as product of the environment and education, Marx understands the uniformity between the social environment and person＇s self-change from the revolutionary practice, and grasps person＇s historical development from the angle of view of transforms of the social productive forces and productive relations. Based on this, by analysing the contradictory between the productive forces and the productive relations in the capitalist society, Marx emphasize that mankind emancipation can realize only by eliminating the wage labor.