温度对桔小实蝇种群发育的影响

Effects of temperature on the development of Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera:Tephritidae) population

采用室内人工饲养,研究了温度对外来入侵无锡地区的桔小实蝇(Bactrocera dorsalis)发育的影响。结果表明:17℃～33℃桔小实蝇各虫态发育速率逐渐增加;通过直线回归模型与直接最优法,得出桔小实蝇从卵期到成虫期的发育起点温度为9.9℃,卵、幼虫和蛹发育所需温度分别为10.5℃、9.6℃和10.3℃;卵期发育到成虫期的有效积温为381.0d.℃,卵期、幼虫期和蛹期分别为24.1、178.6和176.7d.℃。此外,温度影响桔小实蝇各虫态的存活率;25℃下卵期的存活率最高,而17℃下蛹期的存活率最低。温度对桔小实蝇雌雄性比也有一定影响,以25℃下雌虫比率最高。

By the method of artificial breeding in laboratory, this paper studied the effects of temperature on the development of invasive alien species Bactrocera dorsalis in Wuxi of Jiangsu, China. The results indicated that the development rate of B. dorsalis at its each development stage increased from 17 ℃ to 33 ℃. By using linear regression model and direct optimal method, the development threshold temperature （DTT） was determined, which was 9.9℃ for the developmental period from egg to adult, and was 10. 5 ℃, 9.6 ℃, and 10. 3 ℃ for the egg, larva, and pupa stages, respectively. The effective accumulation temperature （EAT） was 381.0 day-degree for the developmental period from egg to adult, and was 24. 1, 178.6, and 176. 7 day-degree for egg, larva, and pupa stages, respectively. Temperature also affected the survival rate of B. dorsalis at its each developmental stage, The survival rate for egg stage was the highest at 25℃, and that for pupa stage was the lowest at 17℃. In addition, temperature had definite effects on the sex ratio of B. dorsalis. At 25℃, the proportion of the females was the highest.