中国自然湿地底栖动物生态学研究进展

Research progress on ecology of natural wetland zoobenthos in China

底栖动物是湿地生态系统中的一个重要组成部分,在能量流动和物质循环中起着承上启下的作用。其群落结构能反映出底质条件、水质状况、水温等非生物因子以及植被、物种间的影响、捕食压力等生物因子的情况。本文概括了底栖动物的概念、生活型和功能群的划分,探讨了底栖动物群落生态学研究的特点及目前中国底栖动物的研究重点和主要研究成果,重点讨论了底栖动物群落分布的时空差异、底栖动物与环境因子之间的关系以及底栖动物的生物指示作用,并展望了底栖动物研究的未来发展趋势。

Zoobenthos is an important part in wetland ecosystem, and plays a connection link in energy flow and matter cycling. Its community structure can reflect the abiotic factors （e. g. , bottom sediment condition, water quality, and water temperature） and biotic factors （ e. g. , vegetation, interactions between species, and predation pressure）. This paper introduced the concept, life forms, and functional groups of zoobenthos, and discussed the features of the study on the ecology of zoobenthos as well as the related key research areas and important achievements in China, with the focus on the spatiotemporal difference in the distribution of zoobenthos community, relationships between zoobenthos and environmental factors, and indicative significance of zoobenthos as bio-indicator in water health. The future research directions on the ecology of zoobenthos in China were prospected.