定向井和水平井测量技术基础

Foundations of Directional and Horizental Well Trajectory Measuring Techniques

介绍了地磁场的四个基本特性、地磁场的球谐分析方法（高斯理论）及国际地磁参考场的发布使用情况。分析认为，定向井水平井井迹实测数据（以地磁北极为基准）和计算数据（以高斯－克吕格坐标北极为基准）都必须校正到以地理北极为基准上来。探讨了地磁场参数在定向钻井中的作用、无磁钻铤长度的选择、测量数据的比较等问题。

The four basic characteristics and the spheric harmonic analyses(Gauss theorem) of geomagnetic field,as well as the world geomanetic reference field distribution were presented.The analyses show that the actual measure data(geomagnetic north pole as base) of directional and horizontal well trajectory and computing data(Gauss Kriging coordinate north pole as base) must be corrected to geographical north pole as base.The effects of geomagnatic field parameters in directional drilling,selection of non magnetic collar length and comparison of measuring data were discussed.