稠油集输中催化裂化降粘技术的研究

Study on the technology of catalytic cracking and visbreaking in heavy crude gathering

分析了稠油粘度高、胶质沥青质含量高的根本原因,针对常规输油工艺的特点及存在的问题,提出了矿场催化裂化降粘的新思路,催化裂化主要是将稠油含碳数多的稠油大分子降解为含碳数少的轻质油小分子。阐述了稠油催化裂化及降粘原理,指出低温高效的稠油裂化催化剂的筛选、热驱方式的选择及矿场稠油裂化装置的布置与规划是该种新技术的关键。

The article analyzes a basic reason of heavy crude with high viscosity and high colloid asphalt content. Aiming at the characteristics and the problem present in normal oil. transportation process, it puts forward a new thinking: plant catalytic cracking and visbreaking. The main purpose for catalytic cracking is to degradate big molecules in heavy crude with many carbon content into small molecules in heavy oil with a few carbon content. The article expounds the principle of heavy crude catalytic cracking and visbreaking, and p'oints out that the key of this new technical thinking is to select a kind of low temperature and high efficiency heavy crude catalytic cracking agent, select heat driven method, arrange the equipment of heavy crude catalytic cracking at plant layout and planning.