额尔齐斯河白斑狗鱼的生长模型和生活史类型

Growth models and life-history pattern of Esox lucius in Ertixhe River

采用特殊Von Bertalanffy生长方程(特殊VBGF)、一般Von Bertalanffy生长方程(一般VBGF)、Logistic生长方程、Gompertz生长方程、Brody生长方程和指数生长方程等6种常用动物生长模型拟合额尔齐斯河白斑狗鱼(Esox lucius Linnaeus)的生长,根据各模型拟合残差平方和的大小判断拟合程度。结果表明,特殊VBGF生长模型对白斑狗鱼体长生长的拟合效果最好;其次是一般VBGF。以14种已知生活史类型鱼类为参照物,选择渐近体长(L∞)、渐近体质量(W∞)、生长系数(k)、自然死亡系数(M)、初次性成熟年龄(Tm)、最大年龄(Tmax)和种群繁殖力系数(PF)等7个生态学参数作指标,采用模糊聚类分析法,判断白斑狗鱼为偏r-选择类型鱼类。应用Beverton-Holt动态综合模型计算改变起捕年龄(tc)和瞬时捕捞死亡系数(F)的产量,分析产量变化曲线,结合额尔齐斯河白斑狗鱼的资源现状,建议其起捕年龄至少应定为4龄,F不超过0.25。

The present paper deals with the growth and life-history pattern of Esox lucius Linnaeus in the Ertixhe river, Xinjiang. The scale under dorsal fin was selected as age determination material. Specialized von Bertalanffy growth function, generalized von Bertalanffy growth function, Logistic growth function, Gompertz growth function, Brody growth function and Exponential growth model were used for fitting the length and weight growth of Esox lucius Linnaeus. The sum of residual squares was compared with one another and the results showed that specialized von Bertalanffy growth function was the most precise model to fit the growth,and the following was the generalized von Bertalanffy growth function and Logistic growth function. Compared with the life-history patterns of 14 kinds of fishes, the life-history pattern of Esoxlucius linnaeus was studied by analyzing seven ecological parameters including asymptotic body-length（ L∞）, asymptotic body-weight（ W∞）, growth coefficient（ k）, natural mortality（ M）, primary reproductive age（ Tm）, maximum age（ Tmax） and population fecundity（ PF）. The results showed that the life-history pattern of Esox lucius Linnaeus tended to be r-selected. Meanwhile, Equilibrium yield model Beverton-Holt was applied to calculate the fish yield. When the instantaneous fishing mortality（ F） was changed, the yield curves has a weaker peak at relatively low value of F, and beyond the value of F, the yield increased to a maximum value at tc = 4 years and then decreased greatly with rising tc. Analysis of yield curves also demonstrated that the life-history pattern had a tendency towards rselection.