他者镜像——斯皮瓦克的《学科之死》与中国文论的主体性

Mirror Image of Others—"Death of a Discipline"by Spivak and the Subjectivity of Chinese Literary Theory

斯皮瓦克的《学科之死》在深刻剖析比较文学"垂死"之由的同时,也勾勒出极其理想化的"新生"之路。以《学科之死》为镜,折射出全球化语境中中国文论主体性所面临的双重危机:理论的漂泊和理论的异化。要想从双重危机中突围,一方面要正确认识到自我与他者"何为主体"、"何为参照系",争取在互为主体的基础上抓住时机,提前发问;另一方面,跨学科的文化研究为中国文论的发展提供了有效的理论资源,但同时必须警惕其研究对象过分泛化,始终坚持以文学文本为中心。

Beside a profound analysis of the causes of the impending death of comparative literature, Spivak＇s ＂Death of a Discipline＂ devises very ideal ways for the reform of comparative literature. ＂Death of a Discipline＂ indicates that Chinese literary theory is involved in two crises-wandering and alienation. In order to get rid of the crises, we have to correctly understand the relationship between the self and the other. Moreover, the interdisciplinary cultural study provides quite effective theoretical resources fi）r Chinese literary theory. However, we should guard against the over-extension of its subject of study and center on literary text.