32种植物提取物对常见植物病原真菌的抑制作用

Restraining Effects of 32 Plant Extracts on Common Plant Pathogenic Fungi

[目的]筛选对植物病原物具有抑制作用的植物资源,寻找新型的植物源杀菌剂。[方法]以32种植物的丙酮和乙醇提取物为材料,以香石竹尖孢镰刀菌、棉花枯萎病菌、交链孢、链格孢和多隔镰刀菌5种植物病原菌为供试菌种,测定了植物提取物对5种病原菌的生物活性。[结果]在供试质量浓度为0.035 g/ml时,广玉兰、小叶黄杨、侧柏、火炬松、黄连木提取物对所有供试菌菌丝生长的抑制率均在50%以上,其中火炬松提取物抑菌活性最好,对至少4种供试菌的抑制率均为60%,对其中2种供试菌的抑菌活性均大于70%,在供试质量浓度为0.1 g/ml时,广玉兰、小叶黄杨、火炬松提取物抑制孢子萌发显著,抑制率均在80%以上。[结论]火炬松、广玉兰、小叶黄杨植物提取物对病原真菌菌丝生长和孢子萌发效果较好。

[Objective] The plant resources with inhibition effect was screened on plant pathogen so as to search new type botanical fungicide. [Method] With the extracts of acetone and ethanol of 32 plants as materials and with 5 plant pathogens of Fusarium xysporum f. sp. diathi, Fusariun oxysporurn , Alternaria alternata （Fries） Keissler, Alternaria sp. , Fusarium decemcellulare Brick as the tested strains, the biological activity of plant extract was determined on 5 pathogens. [Result] When the tested quality concn. was 0.035 g/ml, the inhibition rates of Magncha grandiflora Lima, Buxus microphylla , Platycladus orientalis （Linn. ） Franco, Maus taeda linn. and Pistacia chinensishad extracts on all mycelium growth of tested strains were above 50% , among them the antibacterial activity of Anus taeda linn extract was best and its inhibition rate was 60% on 4 tested strain at least and that was bigger than 70% on 2 tested strain. When the tested quality concn. was 0.1 g/ml, the inhibition of M. grandiflora Lima, B. microphylla, P. taeda extracts on spore germination was remarkable with their inhibition rate above 80% . [Conclusion] The effect of plant extracts of M. grandiflora B. microphylla, P. taeda. on the mycelial growth and spore germination of pathogenic fungi were better.