不同品种梨花粉萌发的研究

Research on the Germination of Pollens from Different Pear Varieties

[目的]为梨树的田间授粉、杂交育种及探讨其花粉的生理代谢过程提供试验依据。[方法]以鸭梨、茌梨和砀山酥梨的花粉为试验材料,研究不同时期其花粉的萌发势、萌发率及花粉管长度。[结果]不同品种在8、12、16、20、24 h的花粉萌发势差异显著,鸭梨在8、20、24 h的萌发势均显著高于茌梨和砀山酥梨在同一时间的萌发势,3个梨品种的花粉萌发势随时间的变化呈现不同的动态特征。不同品种在4、8、12、16、20、24 h的花粉管长度有显著差异,鸭梨在4、8、12、16 h的花粉管长度均显著长于茌梨和砀山酥梨在同一时间的花粉管长度。[结论]鸭梨花粉比茌梨和砀山酥梨的花粉有较强的萌发能力和较长的花粉管,用鸭梨做授粉树能提高梨的产量。

[ Objective] The aim of the research was to supply experimental foundation for the field pollination and cross breeding of pear tree and discussing the physiological metabolic process of its pollens. [Method] With pollens of Yali pear, Chi pear and Dangshan pear as tested materials, the germination potential and rate of their pollens and the length of their pollen tubes in different periods were researched. [ Result ] The germination potentials of pollens from different varieties had significant difference on the 8^th, 12^th, 16^th, 20^th and 24th hour. The germination potentials of Yali pear were significantly higher than that of Chi pear and Dangshan pear on the 8th, 20th and 24th hour. The germination potentials of pollens from the 3 pear varieties showed different dynamic characters as the time changed. The lengths of pollen tubes from different varieties had significant difference on the 4^th, 8^th, 12^th, 16^th, 20^th and 24th hour. The lengths of pollen tubes from Yali pear were significantly longer than that of Chi pear and Dangshan pear on the 4^th, 8^th, 12^th and 16^th hour. [ Conclusion] Compared with Chi pear and Dangshan pear, the pollens from Yali pear had stronger germination abilities and longer pollen tubes. With Yali lear tree as pollinizer, the yield of pear could be enhanced.