塑料温室与大田内土壤动物群落特征的对比研究

Comparison of the Community Characteristics of Soil Animal in Plastic Greenhouse and Outside Field

[目的]研究塑料温室与大田内土壤动物群落特征,为温室土壤生态系统的健康提供理论参考。[方法]对塑料温室蔬菜地及其附近的大田采取定期采样,用手捡法和Tullgren漏斗法获取土壤动物,在实验室内分析鉴定。[结果]通过4个月的实地调查及采样研究,共捕获土壤动物2 453头,隶属于3门8纲11目。其中,弹尾目和蜱螨目为优势类群,分别占总捕获量的45.82%和25.72%;鞘翅目、等足目、寡毛纲、双翅目、腹足纲、直翅目和鞘翅目幼虫为常见种类,分别占全捕量的5.63%、5.01%、4.32%、3.10%、2.36%、2.32%和1.59%;其余类群为稀有种类。季节变动显示,塑料温室内5月份土壤动物数量最多,8月份最少;自然大田内是8月份土壤动物数量最多,5月份最少。各种多样性指数分析结果表明,群落复杂性指数(Cj)表征的土壤动物多样性比多样性指数(H)更能客观反映土壤动物分布的真实情况。[结论]塑料温室蔬菜地中土壤动物的种类和数量比附近大田土壤中丰富,而且随着塑料温室使用时间的延长,其中的土壤动物数量越多,季节变动与大田中不一致。

[Objective] The community characteristics of soil animal in between plastic greenhouse and outside field was researched for the theoretic reference for healthy system of soil ecology. [ Method] The samples, which were periodically taken in vegetable land in plastic greenhouse and near outside field, were analyzed and identified in Lab with manual measure and Tullgren method. [Results] In the investigation and sampling for4 months, a total of 2 453 soil animals were captured, belonging to 11 orders, 8 classes and 3 phyla, among which, the. Collembola and Acarina were the dominant group, accounting for 45.82 % and 25.72 % of total capture, respectively. The common group was Coleoptera, Isopeda, Oligachaeta, Diptera, Gastropoda, Orthoptera and Coleoptera larvae, accounting for 5.63%, 5.01 %, 4.32%, 3.10%, 2.36%, 2.32% and 1.59%, respectively. The rest was rare group. The seasonal dynamics of soil animal in greenhonse soils was the highest in May and the lowest in August and outside field that was the highest in August and the lowest in May. The analysis of varying diversity index indicated that the Complexity Index（C1） was manifested better than DiversityH）in representing the complexity and the diversity of animal community. [Conclusion] There were much richer species and number of soil animal in vegetable land in plastic greenhouse than near outside field and the many more number of soil animal appeared in plastic greenhouse, the longer the plastic greenhouse was used. The seasonal change in soil animal was inconsistencies in the outside field.