20种植物提取物抑制植物病原菌活性研究

Antifungal Activity of Twenty Common Plant Extracts against Two Plant Fungi

以小麦纹枯病菌(Rhizoctonia cerealis)、番茄灰霉病菌(Alternaria solani)这两种植物病原真菌为供试菌,对采自江西省吉安市的20种植物提取物的抑制菌丝生长活性及孢子萌发进行测定。结果表明,在供试质量浓度为1 mg/mL时,黄花草木樨乙醇提取物的乙酸乙酯萃取部分抑菌效果最好,对小麦纹枯病菌和番茄灰霉病菌两种菌的抑制率均达100%;窃衣、小白酒草、羊蹄和车前草的抑制作用次之,对两种菌的抑制率均大于80%;单从对一种病原菌的抑制作用看,还有黄荆对小麦纹枯病菌率为100%,空心莲子草、窃衣、小白酒草和鬼针草对番茄灰霉病菌的抑制率为100%,但是,这20种供试植物的石油醚相和水相萃取物对两种病原真菌的抑制效果均不强。抑制病原菌孢子萌发亦得到类似结果。以上结果提示植物抑菌活性成分主要存在于乙酸乙酯萃取部分,黄花草木樨、窃衣、小白酒草等的提取物作为植物源杀菌剂值得进一步研究。

The inhibiting effect of extracts from 20 kinds of plants collected in Ji＇ an, Jiangxi Province on mycelium growth of Rhizoctonia cerealis and Alternaria solani were tested. The results showed that the ethyl acetate soluble fractions isolated from ethanol extracts of 20 species of plants inhibited mycelium growth more potentially than that petroleum ether and water soluble fractions isolated from ethanol extracts. The ethyl acetate soluble fractions of Melilofus officinalls had 100% inhibiting rates to the mycelium growth of Rhizoctonia cerealis and Alternaria solani under the concentration of 1 mg/mL. The ethyl acetate soluble fractions of Torilisjaponica, Conyza canadensis ,Rumexjaponicus and Plantago asiatica L. had more than 80% inhibiting rates to the mycelium growth of Rhizoctonia cerealis and Alternaria solani under the concentration of 1 mg/mL.