恶性肿瘤放射治疗患者心理状况调查分析

Survey and analysis of the psychological status of patients with malignant tumor treated with radiotherapy

目的:探讨恶性肿瘤放射治疗(放疗)患者的心理状况,为其心理护理提供理论依据。方法:采用症状自评量表(SCL-9O)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)和特质应对方式问卷(TCSQ)对77例肿瘤放疗患者(恶性肿瘤组)和42例健康对照组进行测试,并分析其相关性。结果:恶性肿瘤组SCL-90总分及各因子分均显著高于健康对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01),主要表现在躯体化、抑郁、焦虑和精神病性。恶性肿瘤组SAS、SDS得分及情绪异常率均明显高于健康对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01),显示他们有较多的抑郁、焦虑情绪反应。恶性肿瘤组SAS、SDS得分与SCL-90总分、总均分、阳性项目数、阳性症状均分及各因子分呈正相关(P<0.05或P<0.01)。恶性肿瘤组积极应对得分与健康对照组无显著差异(P>0.05),而消极应对得分明显高于健康对照组(P<0.05)。恶性肿瘤组积极应对得分与SCL-90总分、总均分、阳性项目数、阳性症状均分及各因子分、SAS、SDS呈负相关(P<0.05或P<0.01);恶性肿瘤组消极应对得分与SCL-90总分、总均分、阳性项目数、阳性症状均分及各因子分、SAS、SDS呈正相关(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论:肿瘤放疗患者存在诸多方面的心理问题,有的放矢地进行护理干预可以缓解其身心压力,对提高其治疗护理依从性和战胜疾病的信心是必要的。

Objective： To study the psychological status of patients with malignant tumor treated with radiotherapy so as to provide theoretic basis for psychological nursing care. Methods ： Symptom Checklist - 90 （ SCL - 90 ） , self - rating depression scale （SDS） , self-rating anxiety scale （SAS） and Trait Coping Style Questionnaire （TCSQ） were used to make a test on 77 patients with radiotherapy （ malignant group ） and 42 healthy people （ control group } and its relevance was analyzed. Results ： The total scores of SCL - 90 and factors in malignant tumor group were significantly higher than that in control group （ P 〈 0.05 or P 〈 0.01 ） , mainly expressed in somatization, depression, anxiety and psychosis. The scores of SAS and SDS and emotional abnormality rate in malignant tumor group were obviously higher than that in control group （ P 〈 0. 05 or P 〈 0. 01 ） , indicating that the patients had more depression and anxiety reaction. In malignant group, positive correlation was found between the scores of SAS and SDS and the total scores of SCL - 90, total average scores, positive items, positive symptoms and the factor scores （P〈0.05 or P 〈 0.01 ）. There was no significant difference in the comparison of positive coping scores between malignant group and control group （ P 〉 0.05 ）, and negative coping scores were significantly higher in malignant group than that in control group （ P 〈 0.05 ）. There was negative correlation between positive coping scores and the total scores of SCL - 90, total average scores, positive items, positive symptoms, factor scores and the scores of SAS and SDS （ P 〈 0. 05 or P 〈 0. 01 ）, and positive correlation was found between negative coping scores and the total scores of SCL -90, total average scores, positive items, positive symptoms, factor scores and the scores of SAS and SDS in malignant group （P 〈 0. 05 or P 〈 0. 01）. Conclusion： The patients with radiotherapy have kinds of psychological problems and the targeted interventions can ease their physical and mental stress and improve their compliance with doctors and nurses and enhance the confidence to overcome the disease.