步履维艰的日本国有林业(上)

DIFFICULT NATIONAL FORESTRY IN JAPAN(PART OZE)

受侵略战争失败后国内经济复建过程中木材需求量剧增和政府造林补助政策的推动,通过五六十年代的全国范围大规模人工造林,日本成为高森林覆盖率和环境优美的国家。然而在表象的后面,却存在着包括占森林总面积1/3的日本国有林经营规模缩小,财务状况恶化等众多棘手的问题。通过对国有林经营思想和政策变化过程的回顾和分析,阐明60年代中期以来政府的木材进口政策对日本国内林业所造成的巨大负面影响,并综述当前国有林改革过程中各界的诸多意见。

Forest coverage of Japan is 68%,which is the second large in the world.Two thirds of total forest is national forest.From mid-1950's to 1960's, the policy to import logs had made a certain effect on mountain village economy.After World War Two,management changes had experienced on the keynote of denationalization.In 1947,a series of management and financial systems had were built,such as Regulation on National Forest Management, Special Act on the Accounting of National Forest.From 1950's to 1960's, the Long-term production plan,the Productivity Enhancement Plan and the Plan to Increase Timber Produc- tion had been formulated.At the beginning of 1970's,there appeared financial defficult in na- tional forest management.From then on some ideas have been proposed about how to reorga- nize national forest management system.There are many essential opinions and recommenda- tions on the issues of national forest development in the academic circle.