小麦四种镰刀菌毒素的ELISA检测及毒素污染分析

Determination of 4 Fusarium mycotoxins using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and its contamination analysis in wheat

为明确镰刀菌毒素在小麦中的污染与分布状况,选取以四种镰刀菌毒素的特异性抗体制备的ELISA试剂盒,检测了来自全国范围内的183个冬小麦、46个春小麦品种(系)样品中的镰刀菌毒素含量,并对不同麦区小麦样品中脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON)、伏马(fumonisin)、单端孢霉烯醇(T-2)和玉米赤霉烯酮(ZON)四种毒素含量及污染率进行比较分析。结果表明,我国小麦品种(系)中镰刀菌毒素污染比较普遍,但污染水平较低,均符合国家规定标准。四种镰刀菌毒素中以DON毒素为主,其平均含量为73.87μg/kg。不同麦区间DON、fumonisin和T-2毒素的含量存在显著差异(P<0.01),而ZON毒素的含量在麦区间差异不显著(P>0.05),东北春麦晚熟组、长江中下游冬麦组和黄淮冬麦区南片冬水组镰刀菌毒素总体含量较高。DON与ZON毒素污染率在麦区间存在显著差异(P<0.01),而fumonisin与T-2毒素污染率差异不显著(P>0.05)。在不同麦区间,东北春麦晚熟组的DON毒素的含量和污染率均为最高。

To definite the condition of the Fusarium mycotoxins＇ distribution and pollution in wheat, ELISA kits prepared from mycotoxins specific antibodies was used to determine the content of deoxynivalenol （DON）, fumonisin, T-2 and zearalenone （ZON） mycotoxins in 183 winter wheat cultivars （or lines） and 46 spring wheat cultivars （or lines） from different wheat growing areas in China, and comparative analysis of the content and contamination rate of the four Fusarium mycotoxins was conducted. The results showed that the contamination of the Fusarium mycotoxins in wheat grains was widely distributed but low content according with national standards at the natural infection level. Deoxynivalenol （DON） mycotoxin was major mycotoxin in four Fusarium mycotoxins with the average concentration of 73.87 μg/ kg. The DON, fumonisin and T-2 mycotoxins in different wheat growing areas existed significant differences （P 〈 0.01 ） but zearalenone （ZON） mycotoxin was not （P 〉 0.05）. The total content of four Fusarium mycotoxins in the northeast late-maturing spring wheat areas, the winter wheat areas of the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River, and the wetland winter wheat areas in south of Huanghuai regions was higher than that in other wheat growing areas. The contamination rate of DON and ZON mycotoxins in all the groups were significant differences （ P 〈 0.01 ） while the fumonisin and T-2 mycotoxins were not significant differences （P 〉 0.05 ）. Either DON content or contamination rate in the northeast late-maturing spring wheat areas was highest in all of the groups.