中国流行的麻疹病毒基因型和亚型趋势分析

Circulating Pattern Analysis for Endemic Measles Viruses in Mainland of China

目的分析中国(未包括香港、澳门特别行政区和台湾地区)1993～2006年本土麻疹病毒基因型和基因亚型的流行趋势。方法依据全国麻疹实验室网络监测数据库、中国疾病预防控制中心病毒病预防控制所国家麻疹实验室病毒学监测数据库,分析中国麻疹病毒分子流行病学资料。结果1993～2006年,从29个省(自治区、直辖市,下同)分离到748株麻疹病毒,其中743株为H1基因型,1株为H2基因型,1株为A基因型,3株为疫苗相关A基因型。在H1基因型中,684株为H1a基因亚型,50株为H1b基因亚型,9株为H1c基因亚型。从29个省分离到H1a基因亚型(西藏、湖北省未开展),H1b基因亚型只从10个省分离到,H1c基因亚型在1993～1994年从4个省分离到。自2000年以来,H1a基因亚型逐年成为优势流行亚型,并呈上升趋势;H1b基因亚型逐年转为弱势,其传播于2006年被阻断;而H1c基因亚型的流行自1995年已经消失。结论通过对1993～2006年中国29个省流行的麻疹病毒分子流行病学的系统研究,阐明了在麻疹控制和加速控制阶段中国流行的麻疹野病毒的基因变异规律,以及病毒基因型别在地域和年代上的分布,证实H1基因型是中国近14年麻疹病毒流行的绝对优势本土基因型,其中H1a逐渐成为中国近几年流行的绝对优势基因亚型。

Objective To analysis of the circulating pattern for endemic measles viruses in mainland of China（Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan were excluded） between 1993 and 2006. Methods To analyze the database of Measles laboratory network surveillance, and the database of virology surveillance of National laboratory for Measles in Chinese Centers for Disease Control and Prevention（CCDC）. Results Total 748 positive measles isolates were available from 29 provinces of China. 743 were H1 genotypes, 1 was H2 genotype, 1 was A genotype and 3 were vaccine like A genotypes. Among H1 genotype, 684 were H1a subgenotypes, 50 were H1b subgenotypes, 9 were H1c subgenotypes. H1a was isolated from 29 provinces （Tibet and Hubei did not carry out virus isolation）, H1b was isolated from 10 provinces, Hie was isolated from 4 provinces during 1993-1994. H1a became predominant subgenotype since 2000; H1b shrink annually, its circulating has been interrupted since 2006; H1c circulating Has been interrupted since 1995. Conclusion Molecular epidemiology of measles viruses between 1993 and 2006 showed the character of genetic variation and the geographic distribution of the measles viruses in different years, and revealed that genotype HI was the predominant indigenous measles virus genotype in China's Mainland and H1a became the predominant subgenotype in recent years.