2005年中国3个县1～6岁儿童人肠道病毒71型血清流行病学调查

Seroepidemiology Investigation of HEV_(71) in Healthy Children of 1～6 Years Old in Three Counties of China in 2005

目的了解2005年中国3个县儿童人肠道病毒71型(Human Enterovirus 71,HEV71)抗体水平及HEV71在儿童中的自然感染状况,为预防控制手足口病(Hand-foot-mouth Disease,HFMD)在儿童中的流行提供依据。方法利用2005年9月进行儿童麻疹抗体水平调查时,在3个省各1个县共371名1～6岁儿童中所采集的血清标本,使用中和试验检测血清HEV71中和抗体,并对检测结果进行统计学分析。结果儿童HEV71中和抗体阳性164人,阳性率为44.2%。抗体阳性率分布与儿童年龄和所在地区有关,1岁儿童抗体阳性率最低,随着年龄的增长,抗体阳性率升高,各年龄抗体阳性率差异有显著的统计学意义(x2=25.73,P<0.05)。3个县儿童HEV71中和抗体阳性率不同,但差异无显著的统计学意义(x2=0.11,P>0.05)。抗体几何平均滴度1岁较低,2、3岁升高,4～6岁下降。3个县儿童HEV71中和抗体水平构成一致,以抗体阴性或低抗体水平为主。结论2005年以前3个县儿童曾发生HEV71感染;1～6岁儿童尤其是≤3岁儿童,HEV71中和抗体阳性率低,是HEV71导致HFMD的易感人群,应加强预防由HEV71引起的HFMD在≤3岁儿童中的流行或传播。

Objectives To investigate human enterovirus 71（HEV71） antibody levels among children in China in recent years, to find the epidemic status of hand, foot and mouth diseases （HFMD） in children, and to provide a scientific base for the HFMD prevention and control. Methods 371 sera specimens were colleted from 371 children of 1-6 years old in 3 counties of 3 provinces in 2005. All sera proposed to be detected for measles antibodies investigation. HEV71 antibody was detected by using neutralization test, and then the results were analyzed by statistic methods. Results 164 sera were positive for HEV：I antibody, the positive rate was 44.2%. The distribution of HEV71-positive rate was associated with age of the children, the positive rate was increasing with the age increasing. Children under 3 years old had lower antibody positive rate. The GMT decreased with the increasing of ages. Conclusion HEV71 infections occurred among children in 3 counties of 3 provinces before 2005, and children under 3 years old were main susceptible population due to their low HEV71 antibody level, It is important to take the preventive measures to protect them from HFMD.