深施型液态施肥装置的设计与试验

Design and Experiment on Liquid Fertilizer Device of Deep-fertilization

在分析液态肥深施特点的基础上,针对深施过程中人工开沟、覆埋难度大的问题,设计了一种可深施液态肥的装置。对此装置的施肥性能进行了二次旋转正交试验,利用Design-Expert 6.0.1软件分析,获得了液泵压力、喷口直径、土槽台车前进速度和截止阀开度之间交互作用对施肥损失率的影响。最终确定了液态施肥装置的最佳工作参数为:液泵压力0.2 MPa、喷肥针喷口直径3 mm、土槽台车前进速度0.975 m/s和截止阀开度60%,此时施肥损失率为2.8%。根据最佳工作参数进行了验证试验,结果表明最佳工作参数组合得到的施肥量能满足设计要求,且施肥损失率最小。

Based on the analysis of liquid fertilizer deep application characteristics, against the problem of the artificial ditching and hard burying during the process of fertilizer deep application, a kind of device which can apply liquid fertilizer deeply was designed. Quadratic rotation orthogonal experiment was conducted to test the fertilization performance of this device, Design-Expert 6.0.1 software was used to analyze, then, the influence of interaction of pump pressure, nozzle diameter, the forward speed of soil-bin trolley and the closing valve opening to fertilization loss rate were obtained. Ultimately, the optimum performance parameters of liquid fertilizer device are ascertained： the pressure of liquid pump is 0.2 MPa, the nozzle diameter of spraying-fertilizer needle is 3 mm, the forward speed of soil-bin trolley is 0. 975 m/s, the opening of the closing valve is 60 % and fertilization loss rate is 2.8 %. With the optimum performance parameters of liquid fertilizer device, the verification experiment result shows that the obtained fertilizer amount from the optimum combination of parameters can meet the design requirement, and the fertilizer loss rate is the least.