新方法新技术推动科技跨越发展的启示--以Sanger、Mullis的基因技术推动人类基因组计划为例

NEW TECHNIQUES AND METHODS PROMOTE THE LEAP-FORWARD DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY—A Case Study of Genetic Engineering Technology Innovation Improving the Human Genome Project

人类基因组计划的意义在于人类从分子水平认识自我,是治疗重大遗传或恶性疾病的基础性工作。诺贝尔化学奖获得者F.Sanger的DNA测序法(1980年)和K.B.Mullis的PCR技术(1993年)是人类基因组计划实施的基础。Sanger关于基因测序的文章被引用6.3万余次,Mullis的PCR文章被引用1.4万余次,足见其广泛的影响。纵观科学历史进程,技术方法类的突破能促进科技的跨越发展。中国应选择重大战略性领域,大力争取和培养人才,给予充足财力支持,坚持探索新技术和新方法,推动科技跨越发展。

The Human Genome Project （HGP） helps people＇s self-cognition in molecular level. Technology and resources promoted by HGP are starting to have profound impacts on biomedical research and promise to revolutionize the wider spectrum of biological research and clinical medicine. The DNA sequencing method invented by Frederick Sanger and Polymerase Chain Reaction （PCR） invented by K.B. Mullis are two basic methods applied in HGP. The related papers were widely cited around the world. In the long history of science and technology, most innovations of technology promote the leap-forward development of science. China should foster higher-level applicative talents and provide financial support in strongpoint of research field to promote the original innovations.