美国对日安全合作政策对中日关系的影响

The U.S. Policy towards U.S.-Japan Security Cooperation Arrangements and its Impact on Sino-Japanese Relations

无论是在冷战期间还是在冷战结束之后,美国的对日安全合作政策始终是美国对日政策的核心。这一政策不断通过日本对其做出的反应而对中日关系产生直接或间接的影响。冷战结束后,美日之间的战略需要发生了变化,美国开始更加迫切地要求日本在东北亚地区承担更大的政治和军事责任。九一一事件之后这一趋势进一步加强。由此,美国的政策对中日关系起了很大的消极作用:在日本,它助长了右翼民族主义势力的发展,导致日本国内出现了要求修改宪法和对正常国家地位的要求;在中国,则致使中国对美日同盟长期意图的担忧,间接刺激了中国针对日本的民族主义。然而,无论是美国还是日本最终都意识到,中日关系的恶化不仅会影响美日关系,而且会损害美国和日本各自的国家利益,从而也使得美国的决策者认识到,美国必须谨慎地平衡其对华和对日政策。

Be it during the Cold War or after the Cold War, the U. S. policy towards Japan has always been founded on the security cooperation arrangements between the two states. At the end of the Cold War, the U. S. - Japan security arrangements have faced very different strategic demands brought about by the changing global strategic environment. In response to these demands, Washington has pressured Tokyo to take up greater regional economic and military responsibilities. The pressure has since mounted further, especially after the 9/11 terrorist attacks. Taking that Japan＇s reactions to the U.S. have strong bearings on Sino-Japanese relations, this turn in U.S. policy has been detrimental to Sinoapanese relations. On the Japanese side, it has encouraged the growth of conservative nationalist element, leading to Japan＇s push for constitutional revision to achieve the status of ＂normal state＂; on the Chinese side, it raises China＇s concern over the long- term strategic intents of the U. S.-Japan alliance, and indirectly rouses Chinese nationalism against Japan. However, both Washington and Tokyo have realized that worsening Sino-Japanese relations not only affects U. S.-Japan relations, but also undermines the respective national interests of the U. S. and Japan. The U.S. policymakers now see the need to balance its policies towards China and Japan.