教育产出结构、资源配置与中国经济增长--基于中国区域样本的实证考察

The Structure of Educational Output,Resource Allocation and China's Economic Growth

本文以经典的柯布—道格拉斯生产函数为切入点,同时考虑不同类型的教育体系(普通高等教育和职业技术教育)可能对人力资本有效供给的影响,重点考察教育产出①结构、技术进步水平、产业结构变化、生产性资本和科技经费投入的资源配置情况对经济增长的影响,并进行了实证分析,得出如下结论:普通高等教育和职业技术教育这两类人力资本供给对于经济增长的影响存在显著性差异,由于中国人力资本供给的相对过剩和国家对职业教育的投入力度不够,职业型人力资本供给的增长难以对经济增长起到促进作用。技术进步对中国经济增长的巨大推动作用增强了素质型人才的经济产出的影响力,普通高等教育的拓展对中国技术进步和经济增长能够产生积极影响,但由于影响力较弱,无法抵消劳动人力资本供给变化率的负向作用。因此从经济长期增长的角度出发,职业型人才的培养是必不可少的重要环节,在发展高等教育的同时,国家应该多投入一些资源用于职业教育的建设。

This paper bases on the classical Cobb-Douglas production function, taking into consideration the effect that different types of education system may cause to the effective supply of human capital, and lays emphasis on the impacts of the structure of educational output （including general higher education and vocational education）, technological progress and resource allocation between productive capital and technology funding inputs to economic growth. Then it conducts an empirical analysis, the conclusions are drawn as follows： the two types of human capital investment, general higher education and vocational education, impact on economic growth with significant differences. In China, due to the fact that human capital supply is relatively in surplus, and the input to vocational education is insufficient, growth in occupational human capital supply can hardly promote economic growth. In contrast, technological progress on the one hand plays a tremendous role in promoting China＇s growth, and on the other hand enhances the impacts of quality talents on growth. Thus general higher education development has positive effects on China＇s technological progress and economic growth. However, as the impact of general higher education is not strong, inputs in general higher education may not be cost-effective. In sum, from the perspective of long-run economic growth, though education is an integral part for the future in China, the government on the one hand should increase inputs in education, especially in general higher education, and on the other hand assure the cost effectiveness of education.