四川盆地小麦适播期的研究进展

View of Sowing Date of Winter Wheat in Sichuan Basin

四川盆地是中国小麦主产区之一,但近30年来,其小麦品种的产量潜力一直在6750 kg/hm2左右徘徊,育成在正常年景产量能稳定达到7500 kg/hm2小麦品种一直是小麦育种工作者的奋斗目标。本文对四川盆地麦区的气候生态条件、品种生态类型和种植制度等方面进行了全面分析,结果发现:在四川盆地气候生态条件下,如能育成弱春性的"早播早熟型"小麦品种,将稻麦两熟制小麦的播种期从目前的11月上旬提前到10月20日左右,就能开发利用更多的水稻收获后的光热资源并有效避开小麦成熟期的高温天气,从而突破现有小麦品种的产量潜力,达到7500 kg/hm2以上。由于四川盆地麦区还没有育成早播早熟型品种,相关研究也很少,因此作者认为在利用现有弱春性品种早播研究的同时,还应加强早播早熟型小麦新品种的育种,以尽早实现四川盆地两熟制小麦早播早熟和超高产。

The Sichuan Basin is an important wheat production region in China. But the wheat yield is only 6750 kg/ha, and it hasn＇t been enhanced for thirty years. The rotation of winter wheat （Triticum aestivurn L. ） and rice （Oryza sativa） is the prevailing double-cropping system in the Sichuan Basin. Typically, winter wheat is sown at early in November and harvested during the middle ten days of May. Rice is sown at early in April and rice seedlings are transplanted into the field immediately after harvesting of wheat, then rice are harvested from the last ten days of August to the first ten days of September. So the field is vacant in September and October, and the sun＇s ray is wasted in this period. This paper discusses the most suitable sowing date for win- ter wheat from climate-ecological condition and ecological type of wheat and cropping system in Sichuan Basin. The result is that the types which can be sowed around 20th October is more suitable for the climate-ecological condition and cropping system in Sichuan Basin and their yield can exceed 7500 kg/ha. Because there are no those type varieties and nobody is breeding them in Sichuan Basin, the author considers that it should be as soon as possible to breed and release those type varieties and to conduct its theory studies.