城市污泥对大麦生长发育和土壤肥力的影响

Effects of municipal sludge on barley growth and soil fertility

文章研究了城市污泥和污泥混合堆肥对作物生长发育、轮作中作物产量和土壤肥力的影响。结果表明,城市污泥混合堆肥对大麦生长有较大影响,与对照相较,苗期株高差别不明显。分蘖期、拔节期和抽穗期的株高分别比对照高86%、117%和29.7%。产量数据表明,施用城市污泥的处理增产172%～272%,施用城市污泥-羽扇豆混合堆肥(简称混合堆肥)的处理增产236%～292%。土壤肥力明显提高,单独施用城市污泥15、30和60t·hm-2的土壤,速效氮含量分别增加32%、128%和213%,施用混合堆肥的土壤速效氮含量分别增加47%、242%和345%,城市污泥和混合堆肥中全磷的高含量使该元素在土壤中明显增加。耕层0～20cm中速效磷含量随着施用量的增加分别成比例地增加了3.0、4.7和7.1倍,K2О的含量仅在施用了含钾的化学肥料时发现增长。

The effects of municipal sludge and sludge compost on crop growth, crop yield and soil fertility were studied in this paper. The results showed that sludge compost had more influence on the growth of barley. Compared with the control, there was not obvious difference in plant height at seedling stage. At tillering stage, jointing stage and heading stage, a maximum plant height was 86%, 117% and 29.7% higher than that of control, respectively. Yield data showed that the crop yield increased by 172%-272% under the treatment of municipal sludge, and by 236%-292% under the treatment of lupine-sludge compost. Soil fertility was markedly improved after treatments of sludge compost. In the soils with application of municipal sludge 15, 30 and 60 t ·hm^-2, respectively, the available nitrogen content increased by 32%, 128% and 213%. And for the soils of treated with sludge compost, the available nitrogen content increased by 47%, 242% and 345%. The high content of total phosphorus in both municipal sludge and sludge compost caused the soil phosphorus contents increasing significantly. With the increase of organic manure application, the content of P2O5 in the 0-20 cm of cultivated horizon increased in proportion by 3.0, 4.7 and 7.1 folds, respectively. The content of K2O just increased under the application of chemical potash fertilizers.