基于运动波方程的坡面降雨径流模型的应用研究

Application of a rainfall and runoff model based on the equation of kinetic wave

黑龙江西部半干旱区为我国主要的粮食生产基地,该地区降雨量少而集中,干旱和水土流失严重制约着当地农业发展。地表径流不仅降低了降雨利用率,而且也造成了该地区严重的土壤侵蚀。文章将运动波理论和Green-Ampt入渗模型相结合,建立了黑龙江省西部坡耕地降雨入渗产流的数学模型,并运用模型分别在不同耕作措施及不同土壤前期含水量条件下,对人工降雨径流过程进行了模拟计算。结果表明,计算径流过程与实测径流过程拟合较好。本研究对黑龙江西部农区水土流失防治具有一定的理论指导意义。

The semiarid area of western Heilongjiang Province is an important grain production base in China, in the area the nature characteristics is small quantity and concentrate distribution in rainfall, and agricultural development has been restricted by drought and water loss and soil erosion seriously. Surface runoff not only leads to rainfall use efficiency decrease, but also results to serious soil erosion. In this paper, a numerical model of runoff generation on sloping land was established with the combination of kinematic wave theory, and the Green-Ampt infiltration model, and the artificial rainfall runoff processes were simulated by the model under the conditions of different cultivation treatments and initial soil moistures. The result showed that the model was good in simulation of rainfall runoff process. This research will be valuable in soil and water loss control in western agricultural area of Heilongjiang Province.