土壤水流动系统及其应用初探

Primary Study on Soil Moisture Movement System Application

土壤水流动系统是由水势场、介质场、水化学场、温度场耦合而成，并在时空四维上不断演变的动态系统。土壤水调控就是通过综合措施改善土壤水流动系统的上下边界条件及浅部介质特性，优化田间微水文系统、微气候系统及土壤水流动系统，使土壤水分、盐分、养分、温度、透气性等要素的时空分布有利于作物的生长，提高作物产量及土壤水利用效率。河北省王瞳试验表明，棉花畦种全盖膜较普通盖膜处理的水分生产率提高48％。采用畦种全盖膜和沟种全盖膜措施调控上壤水，较普通不采取措施处理增产籽棉50％以上。玉米深沟高垄盖麦秸处理平均产量为7566．6kg／hm2，水分生产率为2．34kg／m3，明显高于常规种法不盖麦秸处理。

The soil moisture movement system is composed of water potential medium. waterchemical and temperature fields and is a changeable dynamic system in the four-dimention of timeand space. Soil moisture regulating and controlling is to optimize the field micro-hydrologicalsystem, micro-climate system and soil moisture movement system by means of improving theupper and bottom boundary conditions of soil moisture movement system and the mediumcharacter through applying comprehensive measures and to make the time and spacing condition of soilmoisture, salinity, nutrient, temperature and aeration etc. be beneficial to crop growing, yieldincreasing and soil moisture using efficiency. The experiment of Wangtong in Hebei Provinceshows that the water productivity of totally membrane covering of cotton border planting israised by 48% by comparison with popular membrane covering. The cotton yield of totallymembrane covering of border and furrow planting is increased by 50% by comparison with popularmembrane covering and without any measures. The average yield of corn deep furrow plantingand high ridge wheat straw covering is 7 566. 6 kg/hm2 and the water productivity is 2. 34 kg/m3and those are obviously higher than the popular planting and without and coverings.