利用苹果花粉粒形态进行倍性鉴定

Identification of Ploidy Level by Pollen Shape and Size in Apple

以苹果１０个二倍体和５个三倍体品种为试材，对不同倍性品种产生的花粉粒形状和大小进行了比较。结果表明：（１）倍性间不同形状花粉粒分布明显不同，二倍体品种三角形花粉粒数目多，而三倍体品种三角形花粉粒数目少；三倍体品种圆形及方形花粉粒数目均大幅增多；计算三角形花粉粒数目与圆形花粉粒及方形花粉粒数目之和的比值发现，倍性品种间差异较大，该比值１．２可作为鉴定倍性的临界值。（２）三倍体同一形状花粉粒大小比较分散，二倍体则相对集中，三角形花粉粒中等大小花粉粒数目与大花粉粒及小花粉粒数目之和的比值在倍性间存在明显差异，该比值２．５０可作为判别二倍体与三倍体的临界值。利用这两个指标对诱变植株产生的花粉粒形状和大小进行了比较，对孢原组织细胞的倍性水平进行了估计。

Pollen shape and size of 10 diploid and 5 triploid apple cultivars, were compared. The results showed that (1) . The frenquency of three types of pollen was different significantly between diploid and triploid. The ratio between the number of triangle pollen and that of round plus square pollen was considered as critical ratio for identification of ploidy level; (2) . The distribution of triploid’s triangle pollen size was discrete and that of diploid concentrated. The ratio between the number of medium size pollen and that of large plus small pollen was critical ratio for differentiating triloid from diploid. By the two critical ratio of pollen shape and triangle pollen size (1.2 and 2.5, respectively) , the ploidy of shoot apex’s L 11 layer of inducing plant was estimated.