不同情境对儿童延迟满足影响研究:团体与个体

The Research on the Influence of Different Situations to Children's Delay of Gratification:group and individual

目的探讨2种情境(个体和团体)对儿童延迟满足的影响。方法设定个体和团体2种情境,条件1为先个体后团体,条件2为先团体后个体。对120名5岁儿童和120名6岁儿童的延迟满足进行测试。结果条件1的个人决定的延迟满足率5岁组为53.0%,6岁组为53.3%,差异无统计学意义;条件2的团体决定的延迟满足率5岁组为55.6%,6岁组为55.0%;差异无统计学意义;6岁组在2种条件下延迟满足率女生均高于男生,差异有统计学意义,条件1的个人决定χ2=6.70,(P<0.05);条件2的团体决定χ2=15.15,P<0.01。在团体决定对其后的个人决定的影响中,2种条件下个人决定在5岁、6岁组的差异无统计学意义;6岁组在条件2的个人决定中女生延迟满足率高于男生,差异有统计学意义(χ2=24.30,P<0.01),女生在条件2的个人决定的延迟满足率高于条件1,差异有统计学意义(χ2=7.68,P<0.01);65.0%的5岁儿童和73.3%的6岁儿童在2种情境中的选择保持一致。5岁组团体意见与个人决定中多数人意见一致率为72.5%,6岁组为75.0%。结论5岁、6岁儿童2个年龄组的延迟满足无差异,但女生的延迟满足能力高于男生;团体对6岁女生的个人决定影响较大,团体决定的意见一般情况下与团体中个人决定的多数一致。

Objective Exploring children＇s ability of delay of gratification in two kinds of situations （group and individual）. Method There were two conditions, In one condition, single-sex groups of 3 children were asked first to hold a discussion and agree among themselves on a single group decision and then privately to make individual decisions. In the other, the individual decisions preceded the decision agreed upon in the group. The subjects were 120 5-year-old and 120 6-year-old children. Results 53. 0% of S-year-old children＇ personal choice was delay in condition 1, while 53.3% in 6-year-old, there was no significant difference. In condition 2, 55.6% of 5-year-old children＇ group choice was delay, while 55.0% in 6-year-old, there was no significant difference. The ability of delay of gratification of 6-years-old girls was significantly better than the boys＇ in two conditions, （condition 1 personal choice χ^2 = 6.70, P〈0.05 ; condition 2 group choice χ^2 = 15.15, P〈0.01）. There were no difference between the personal choices of 5 and 6 years old in two conditions; the ability of delay of gratification of 6-years-old girls in personal choices of condition 2 was better than the boys＇（χ^2= 24.30, P〈0.01） and that of condition 1（χ^2 =7.68,P〈0.01）. It reveals that about 65.0% of 5-year-old and 73.3% of 6-year-old subjects are consistent in their choice between the two types of decision. 72.5% of 5-year-old children＇s individual decision was consistent with the group decision, while 75. 0% in 6-year-old. Conclusion There were no significant difference between the ability of delay of gratification of 5 and 6 olds, but the ability of delay of gratification of 6-years-old girls was better than the boys＇. The group influenced significantly on the 6-years-old girls. The group effect reflected some type of group conformity, it may be observed that the more children there were in the group who individually preferred a given decision, the more likely this decision was to prevail in the group.