语言主观性的哲学考察

The Philosophical Study of Linguistic Subjectivity

语言的主观性是当前语言学研究的一个热点问题,研究者一般是从说话人的视角、情感和认识三个方面探讨语言其体现。对于这些体现及其相关问题的讨论,集中在语言的结构和运用上,而从哲学角度进行的考察还不多见。本文正是基于哲学视角,从主观性与客观性、主观性与主体性两个方面初步探索这一主题。文章指出,主观性与客观性是一对相互关联的共存要素;语言不是工具意义上的主观性或主体性表现,它是作为生命主体的人本真存在的家园,人和人的生活世界与语言探索具有同一性。

Linguistic subjectivity is a hot topic in current linguistic study. The main discussion of it focuses on the subjective expressions on speaker＇s perspective, affect and epistemic modality. Researchers seldom discuss it from the perspective of philosophy. The present paper is such an attempt and it is based on the following two aspects： subjectivity and objectivity; subjectivity （zhu guan xing） and subjectivity （zhu tixing）. Two claims are put forward： subjectivity and objectivity are closely related, and they are to be thought of as gradient in language study; language, as the house of Being, is not instrumental and the discussion on human is identical to that on language.