反恐背景下美国监视和情报制度的新发展——以《爱国者法》标题Ⅱ下的条款为分析对象

The New Development of Supervision and Information System Institution of American:Under the Background of Anti-terrorism:On the Article of Title Ⅱ of the Patriot Act

9.11事件后,美国政府吸取因国家监视和情报系统缺乏合作以及无能力、无效率等缺陷而造成重大损失的教训,以制定《爱国者法》的方式对之进行作了重大改革:打破执法机关与情报收集机关之间的信息壁垒,改变监视和情报收集体制的分立状态;建立起适用于互联网时代的监视和情报收集制度;扩大行政机关监视和情报收集的自由裁量权,以满足应对恐怖主义威胁的新需要。美国政府对监视和情报制度的改革增强了其在互联网时代预防和应对恐怖主义的能力,也将为当下中国反恐立法中相关内容的设计提供了重要的参考价值。

After the affair of 9.11, the Government of United State has taken the lessons from the greatly loss because of the defaults suffered from the inefficiency, inability and without cooperation among the state supervision and information system and made a heavy reformation to it through the Patriot Act. These mainly include the following： Breaking down the information batteries among the executive departments and the information departments ; Setting up the institution of supervision and information collecting fitting for the era of internet; Broadening the discretion power of supervision and information collecting of executive departments in order to adapt to the new requirement of anti - terrorism ; the reformation of the Government of United State has not only improved the ability to prevent and tackle with terrorism, but also offered beneficial experience for China who is making the anti -terrorism law.