温度对龟足胚胎和幼虫发育的影响

The Effect of Temperature on Embryonic and Larval Development of Pollicipes mitella Linnaeus

在室内海水盐度为27～28的条件下，观察了18，21，24，27，30，33，36C等7个温度对龟足（Pollicipes mitella）胚胎发育时间、孵化率和幼虫生长、存活率和变态率的影响．实验结果表明：在18～36℃之间，龟足的胚胎均能正常发育并且孵化，其发育时间随温度的升高而缩短，18℃的发育时间最长为12d，而30～36℃所需的发育时间最短，仅需5．5d．实验结束时（20d）温度对累积孵化率的影响不明显，但在胚胎发育过程中（14d之前）低温（18，21℃）对累积孵化率的影响明显，其他温度（24～36℃）对胚胎孵化率的影响不显著．结合胚胎发育时间和孵化率两个指标，龟足胚胎发育的最适温度为24～33℃．根据存活率和变态率，龟足幼虫生长发育的温度上限和下限分别是36℃和18℃，在21～33℃之间，龟足幼虫可以不同程度地生长和变态，幼虫发育的最适温度范围是24～30℃．

The effect of temperature （18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33, 36 ℃ on embryonic and larval development of Pollicipes mitella was examined under controlled laboratory condition （salinity 27--28）. Temperature affected significantly development time and hatching rate of embryos, whilst tempreature also affected significantly larval survival rate and metamorphosis rate. At 18- 36 ℃, embryos of Pollicipes mitella could develop and hatch normally. Time of embryonic development shortened as temperature went up. At temperature 18℃, development time was the longest （12 d）. But at 30~36 ℃, time was the shortest, only 5.5 d. On the basis of development speed and hatching rate of embryos, the optimum tempera- ture of embryonic development was at 24-33 ℃. According to larval survival rate and metamorphosis rate of Pollicipes mitella, larvae were unable develop normally when temperature was as low as 18 ℃ or as high as 36 ℃. Larvae could develop and metamorphose at 21-23 ℃ and the optimum temperature for larval development was 24~30 ℃.